cuz suddenly, ive become a psychiatrist, a life counsellor, an environmental health dude, a architect, a town planner, a math teacher, and a university physics teacher....
what the balls... i cant seem to specialise at all...
American Imperialistic Free Trade Ensnares Worker’s Rights in Developing Nations
The “American Dream” of having greater wealth, freedom and equality is the dream that the American lifestyle (Adams, 1931) based on. Not only does this dream apply to their own lives, but also the corporations that they own and run. There have been many instances of American corporations exploiting the labor force of a developing nation. Companies such as Unocal and Disney have expanded its corporation’s empire offshore into developing nations, impacting the economy and society. Factors such as the implementation of ‘free trade’ brought on by globalization and the World Trade Organization has enabled richer countries to freely expand their empires around the world without responsibility to the social impacts it has on it.
The American dream is based on the original American constitution, written out by the founding fathers of the nation after it declared independence. One of the clauses written in, and signed by the leaders of the 13 united States of America says:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the consent of the governed, -- That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness” (Hancock, 1776).
All men are created equal, not just Americans, not just the rich, but everyone, with unalienable rights, including rights to life, liberty and happiness. Therefore, it can be said that the value of one human being is the same as the other. American corporations do not seem to follow this founding document, as they continue to exploit people from all over the world, especially the poorer and developing areas.
The Alien Tort Claims Act, 1789, was written with the intent of protecting American ambassadors overseas (this is one speculation of many for the reasons for the Alien Tort Claims Act, but no one is sure about its exact purpose), but is becoming used more often to protect human rights. It is written that: “The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action by an alien for a tort [personal injury] only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States” (US Congress, 1789; Sparshott, 2004). However, this act has been used as a human rights law since the 1980s, starting with a $10 million USD lawsuit against a Paraguayan police officer who was charged with torture (Lobe, 2003). The Alien Tort Claims Act enables corporations who expand their enterprises overseas to be sued over irresponsible behaviour and mistreatment of workers.
Unocal, one of America’s largest oil companies, was charged and convicted of forced labor and labor abuses in Myanmar using the Alien Tort Claims Act (Greenwire, 2005). Unocal argued that they had built infrastructure that would benefit the community, and that they had not known what the army was doing to the locals, to which the judge insightfully saw it as a trick (Energy Intelligence Group Inc, 2003). The security force they hired, the Burmese Army, was found to be forcing entire villages to work the pipelines under working conditions similar to that of slave labor camps. Unocal is an example of a large corporation exploiting the labor force of a poorer country and not caring about the social impacts it has.
Another example of corporate business expansion exploiting worker’s rights is Disney. Disney is a large multinational corporation expanding into developing nations such as China and Indonesia for its cheaper labor and resources. However, some factories that produce Disney products in developing countries have been exploiting workers, and putting labourers under almost slave-like conditions (Teather, 2005). However, the labourers employed in these factories generally have a low education level, and do not know of the Alien Tort Claims Act, and also, especially in developing countries, there is a growing culture of silence, where the people getting abused do not stand up against the authority figure, as they are under their power (Milgram, 1963, 1974; Raven et al, 1959, 1999). The social powers described by Kelman (1973) show that rich Caucasian American businessmen representing a large corporation such as Disney is perceived to be socially powerful, especially to the lower class labourers in a developing state. This makes the reporting of labor abuse harder to find, as the labourers are unwilling to report it.
Currently, the American government has developed its policy to becoming more economically and financially driven than ever before, such as. John Ashcroft, the attorney general of the US Justice Department is openly attacking the Alien Tort Claims Act, in a move that will protect the American corporations such as Unocal, and giving the president more political power in foreign affairs (Hermer et al, 2004). As a republican, George Bush states that the American economic policies that are in place is lowering taxes (Bush, 2004), but according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (Greenstein et al, 2005), the rich gets the most out of these tax cuts, and corporations benefit most from it. Bush himself was in the oil industry, as a business man in “Arbusto Energy”, a Texas-based oil company (Lardner et al, 1999). With corporations being protected by the corporate-friendly Bush government, the move by the Justice Department trying to get rid of the Alien Tort Claims Act is not surprising.
Globalization is defined by Encyclopaedia Britannica as “a phenomenon involving the integration of economies, cultures, governmental policies, and political movements around the world” (Feketekuty, 2001). However, with the integration of all the world economy, cultures, policies and political movements, who can arbitrarily make the decision of what is the new norm for them all? At what price would a bag of corn in this new world economy cost? If the price of commodities is set at a global level higher than what developing countries can afford, then the developing countries would have to pay a lot more for it than they should need to. On the flipside, if the prices are set at a price where the developing countries can afford, the rich western countries would be paying a lot less than they had to before, and therefore be able to exploit the system. This exploitation by the larger economies in the world would therefore be in power to change the world economics, cultural, political movements as they see fit. This gives American corporations an even bigger foothold into being able to exploit developing nation’s workers rights.
Worker’s rights are actively being ignored by not only the American corporation, but by the Bush government who unequally protects the corporations that feeds the country’s booming economy. One of the few ways the workers can fight for their rights is through the Alien Tort Claims Act, which the Bush government sees as a hindrance to further economic growth, and is actively campaigning against. Although globalization seems to benefit all nations and strengthen their economies, workers in developing countries continue to get exploited. To make matters worse, the social powers described by French and Raven (1959) and the worker’s perceived lower social status (Milgram, 1963; Zimbardo, 1971) causes the workers to become dehumanized, and depressed, and not being able to stand up against unfair treatments by figures of authority. Without the external influences of worker’s rights movements and other social justice groups, this cycle will continue to grow stronger for the corporation; which means that the exploitation developing parts of the world will continue on.
er.... i wrote that as a essay topic on "social issues concerning the working environment"
slightly twisted it, but hey...
any comments ppl? btw... i shudve written more... so if ur complaining its too short, yea, i know too...